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Glossary
Most of the definitions given in this glossary are applied as they are used in
this album. They should not be considered to be universally applicable.
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barn, a farm building used chiefly to
shelter farm animals and their feed -- e.g., cattle and hay. Descriptions of
the barns included in this album are kept short with the hope that the
photographs show such things as their overall characteristics, material(s) of
the walls, the shapes of their roofs, plus or minus special features.
Therefore, only those things that are mentioned in the captions are included in
this glossary -- e.g., gable and gambrel roofs and hewn logs versus sawn
lumber.
batten, a
relatively narrow piece of wood used to cover open spaces between larger
boards.
beam, an oblong
piece of timber (etc.) used as a horizontal support in a structure -- e.g., barn
or house. (cf. purlin).
chink or
chinking, materials used to fill in open or potentially open
areas such as those that occur or seem likely to develop between logs of a
structure.
cupola, a
small structure mounted atop a roof, typically embracing its peak;
some cupolas serve as ventilators; others are only decorative.
dovetailed, a joint
that consists of interlocking mortises and tenons; the joints at the corners of
some of the older log buildings are examples..
"Dutch" door, a two part door, either the top
or bottom part of which can be opened
independently.
foundation,
the base or bases upon
which a building rests; those around the edges are most common and frequently
the only ones seen; they may be continuous or consist of independent piers,
including single boulders. . .
gable, the facing
section of a building that is between the slopes of its roof. Where used to
describe a roof shape, gable is applied
roofs with a single slope on each side. (This
type of roof is referred to as a "ridged roof" by some people within the
area.)
gambrel, roof with two slopes on each side, the lower
slope of which is steeper than the upper.
granary, building, or part of a
building, where grain, typically threshed, is stored.
hewn, past
participle of hew, widely used as an adjective; herein it is applied to logs or
rough lumber that has been shaped with, or as if with, an axe or adze. For
emphasis, such logs or timber are often referred to as hand-hewn. (cf.
sawn).
hay, noun: grass and other plants --
e.g., clover and alfalfa -- that have been dried for use as fodder.
adjective:
related to hay -- e.g., hay barn.
prefix:
related to hay -- e.g., hayfork, hayloft and haymow.
hayfork, name
widely used for the large "fork" that was used to move relatively large amounts
of hay from hay wagons into haymows; these forks were opened and closed
mechanically -- e.g., once the hayfork with the hay in it that picked up from
the wagon was in the appropriate place above the loft, it was "tripped" -- i.e.,
opened -- and the hay was dropped in the mow.
hayloft, place, typically in the upper part of
a barn, where hay is stored. (cf. haymow).
haymow, frequently
used synonym for hayloft.
milk house, name widely applied to the
place, typically a small building adjoining a cattle barn, where milk taken from
cows in the evening was kept cool overnight, and then, the next day, taken along
with the fresh morning milk to a central receiving plant.
milk
parlor, name widely applied to the area, typically
within a barn, where dairy cows are milked.
pier, a pillar, typically concrete, that
supports a post (q.v.).
post, vertical timber used in
superstructure of a barn. These are usually referred to as wall posts or purlin
posts depending upon their position and/or function.
purlin, a horizontal timber, typically one of
several, that supports one or two --e.g., one at each of its ends -- rafters of
a roof.
rafter, a sloping
beam, typically one of several, that supports a pitched roof.
roof,
the exterior surface atop
a building. Roofs of different shapes are given names such as
round, the meaning of
which is self-explanatory, gable
(q.v.) and gambrel
(q.v.).
sawn, past
participle, frequently used as an adjective for cut lumber that has not been
planed; often used as rough-sawn to emphasize the unplaned characteristic (cf.
hewn)
shake, name widely applied to a wooden
shingle that has been formed by splitting rather than cutting -- e.g. a cedar
shake is made by splitting a block of cedar along its grain.
shingle, a thin, typically oblong, piece of wood,
usually one of many that are laid in overlapping rows as siding or to cover
roofs. Shingles are sawn and markedly thicker at one end than the other, which
makes them readily distinguished from shakes.
stanchion, a framework used to secure cattle while they are being
milked or housed during any relatively long period of time -- e.g., during
winters.
truss, a wooden framework
that supports a structure or part of a structure -- e.g., a roof.
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